Wildfires & Smoke: What You Need to Know

Did you know that wildfire smoke can travel from coast to coast?

That’s not just a dramatic statement—it’s a scientific fact. During the massive 2020 California wildfires, smoke rose into the atmospheric jet stream and traveled across the country, reaching the East Coast and even parts of Europe. Along the way, it dimmed sunlight and even caused noticeable temperature drops.

This year, the EPA’s Air Quality Awareness Week highlights a timely theme: Wildland Fires and Smoke . Wildfire smoke doesn’t just affect those living nearby—it can impact communities thousands of miles away. Understanding how wildfire smoke affects the air we breathe is more important than ever.

Just the mention of wildfires can bring a wave of concern—but don’t worry. We’ve gathered the key info you need to feel informed and ready to protect your home’s air quality, no matter where you live.

Isn’t it just normal smoke in greater volumes?

Not exactly.

Wildland fires can scorch hundreds—or even thousands—of acres, burning not only forests but also homes, vehicles, waste, and other materials. This creates particle pollution , also known as PM (particulate matter) , one of the most hazardous components of wildfire smoke.

According to the EPA, wildfire smoke contains a complex mix of harmful pollutants like sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate, organic chemicals, metals, soot, and more. These tiny particles can stay suspended in the air and travel great distances—making their way into homes far from the actual fire zone.

Wildfire smoke doesn’t just cause a hazy sky. It can have serious health effects—even in areas not directly threatened by flames.

Studies show increased rates of respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms during wildfire events. According to the EPA, short-term exposure can lead to:

• Coughing or difficulty breathing

• Headaches

• Irritated eyes and skin

• Fatigue or dizziness

Children, older adults, and people with asthma or heart conditions are especially vulnerable. To track smoke impacts in your area, check the Air Quality Index (AQI) daily—especially during wildfire season.

While wildfires can happen anywhere, these states are most frequently impacted, according to Policygenius:

• California

• Texas

• Colorado

• Arizona

• Idaho

• Washington

• Oklahoma

• Oregon

• Montana

• Utah

If you live in one of these states—or downwind from one—it’s especially important to understand your wildfire risk and how to reduce smoke exposure.

Evacuation Routes : Know your area's evacuation routes before wildfire season hits.

Emergency Kit : Stock up on essentials like medications, clothing, water, snacks, maps, and phone chargers.

Emergency Contacts : Make sure loved ones know your plan and how to reach you.

Gas Tank : Keep your vehicle's tank at least half-full in case you need to leave quickly.

For more information, review our Wildfire Preparedness checklist here, as well as our tips on ensuring your pets remain safe during wildfire season.

Even if you're miles from a wildfire, smoke can still infiltrate your home. That’s where air purifiers come in.

EPA experts recommend using HEPA air purifiers to reduce indoor smoke exposure during wildfires. These devices can:

• Trap dangerous particles like PM2.5

• Improve airflow and reduce indoor pollutant buildup

• Minimize allergens like pet dander

• Help eliminate unpleasant smoke and household odors

• Provide peace of mind, knowing you’re protecting your indoor air

Air Quality Awareness Week is a great reminder that while we can’t control wildfires, we can take steps to protect the air we breathe—indoors and out.

Stay informed. Be prepared. And take a deep breath—safely.